Ch.16: Impact of Mining on Plant Biodiversity and Environment: A Review

ABSTRACT: A review of the impact of mining on plant biodiversity and the environment was made. In which an endeavor has been made to include important work related to the impact of mines on plant biodiversity and the environment. The impact study of mines in and around the globe with special emphasis on the impact of mining in India and in the state of Jharkhand has been reviewed. The ecosystem and plant biodiversity are significantly and in a variety of ways impacted by mining activities. The effects include loss of habitat, deterioration in soil quality, tainted water, air pollution, and exposure to hazardous chemicals. Plant species are displaced by habitat loss and fragmentation, which reduces biodiversity. Topsoil disruption and exposure to contaminants cause soil degradation, which hinders plant growth. Runoff containing pesticides and heavy metals causes water contamination, putting aquatic habitats and plants in peril. Plant health is impacted by air pollution because it interferes with photosynthesis and metabolism. The reproduction and growth of plants are at risk from exposure to harmful substances. Due to mining activities, endemic and uncommon plant species are more at risk of going extinct. The restoration of mining sites is attempted through reclamation and rehabilitation, although full ecosystem recovery is still difficult. To reduce these negative effects, protect plant species, and maintain the integrity of the environment, sustainable mining techniques and conservation efforts are essential.